2014–15 Southeast Asian floods

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2014–15 Southeast Asian floods
Duration 14 December 2014 – present (in Indonesia)[1][2]
14 December 2014 – present (in Thailand)[3]
17 December 2014 – present (in Malaysia)[4]
27 December 2014 – present (in the Philippines)[5]
Fatalities 71 killed[5][6]
7 missing[7]
Areas affected
 Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand

Beginning on 14 December 2014, a series of floods has hit Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. More than 100,000 people have been evacuated in Indonesia, 200,000 in Malaysia, tens of thousands in the Philippines,[8] and several thousand in Thailand.[6][9]

Causes[edit]

The year's heavy rains were caused by a southeast monsoon blowing across the South China Sea, making the sea warmer than usual.[10] Scientists have predicted that as climate change worsens, storm patterns will become less predictable and more severe.[6] Massive development without care to the environment and drainage problems have been cited as contributing factors.[10] In Thailand, Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha describe the floods in the three southern border provinces of Yala, Pattani and Narathiwat as the most severe in this year, and exacerbated as most roads were built without drains in natural floodways.[11] Malaysian Meteorological Department National Weather Centre senior meteorological officer Mohd Hisham Mohd Anip attributed the flooding in northern Malaysia to the full moon and the presence of northeast monsoon winds blowing consistently across the South China Sea from November 2014 until March 2015.[12] He noted that rivers overflowed when incessant rainfall caused water from the upstream to not reach the confluence.[12] The Malaysian government has promised to undertake a thorough investigation to identify the real cause of this floods especially in the east coast when the floods have receded.[13] In Indonesia, the flooding has been blamed on population surge and environmental damage in addition to sedimentation and the habitual dumping of rubbish into rivers.[2][14]

Affected regions[edit]

 Country   Fatalities   Evacuees   Ref 
Indonesia 120,000 [15]
Malaysia 21 237,037 [16]
Philippines 54 97,883 [17][18]
Thailand 15 10,000 [19][20]
Total 173 464,920 +

Indonesia[edit]

Heavy rains in North Sumatra has flooding most areas since 14 December but recede at the same time.[1] On 19 December, another floods have damaged 526.5 hectares of farmland in eight districts in Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau.[21] While hundred of houses in the Bengkalis Regency of Riau were submerged in flood and some residents are still at home as there is no place to take a refuge. The villagers cannot do anything because of a limited budget.[22][23] In the Tamiang district of Aceh, flooding forced about 28,000 people to take shelter on higher ground.[24] A total of 94,500 people have taken refuge in Aceh as of 27 December.[9] In West Java, heavy rain caused the Citarum River to overflow, pouring water into the Baleendah, Dayeuhkolot and Bojongsoang districts, forcing the Indonesian state-owned electricity company PT PLN to shut down their three power stations in Baleendah for safety.[21] About 15,000 homes in Bandung Regency were inundated and 4,000 people were evacuated.[21] On 23 December, Bandung Regency declared a state of emergency.[25] The flood disaster in the southern part of Central Java has spread to Banyumas Regency, hitting villages in its three districts, namely Kemranjen, Sumpiuh, and Tambak and no residents have been evacuated since the flood water is still less than 50 centimeters in depth.[26] As of 27 December, about 100,000 people had been evacuated nationwide, with the number of patients seeking treatment at command posts keep increasing.[9]

Between 26–28 December, most floods in such areas in Aceh, Bandung, West Java, and Cilacap in Central Java have recede but victims have yet to receive assistance from local authorities.[27][28][29]

Malaysia[edit]

Heavy rains since 17 December forced 3,390 people in Kelantan and 4,209 people in Terengganu to flee their homes.[4] Several Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM) intercity train services along the East Coast route were disrupted on 18 December following the floods.[30] On 20 December, the area of Kajang, Selangor, was also hit by serious floods.[31] By 23 December, most rivers in Kelantan, Pahang, Perak and Terengganu had reached dangerous levels.[32] Due to rising water levels, most businesses were affected about 60,000 people were displaced in the next day. The state of Kelantan had the most evacuees (20,468[33] to 24,765), followed by Terengganu (21,606), Pahang (10,825), Perak (1,030), Sabah (336) and Perlis (143).[34][35]

The situation continues to worsen in Kelantan and Terengganu, due to heavy rain. Most roads in Kelantan have been closed.[36] The worst-hit district in Terengganu is Kemaman, followed by Dungun, Kuala Terengganu, Hulu Terengganu, Besut and Marang. In Pahang, the worst-hit areas are Kuantan, Maran, Jerantut, Lipis and Pekan.[36] Dozens of foreign tourists were stranded at a resort in a Malaysian national park in Pahang. Most were travellers from Canada, Britain, Australia and Romania.[37] All were rescued via boat and helicopter.[38] In Kedah, at least 51 people were evacuated.[39] A teenager in Perlis was the first victim to die in this flood.[40]

In southern Malaysia, between 300 and 350 people have been displaced in both Johor and Negeri Sembilan.[41][42] The number of evacuees nationwide reached more than 200,000 by 28 December, with 10 people killed. The flooding is considered the country's worst in decades.[6][38][43] However, the exact numbers of evacuees, missing persons and deaths are unknown, as the Malaysian flood centre was unable to provide any accurate figures.[44] Some victim were found in miserable condition as the victim had to survive on one meal of rice a day after he was stranded in the floods.[45] On 31 December, a Royal Malaysia Police Ecureuill AS 355F2 helicopter crashed during a patrol in Kelantan, injuring four crews onboard.[46]

In Sabah, heavy rains since 21 December resulted in flooding throughout most areas in the district of Beaufort. As many as 30 villages were severely affected due to Padas River water levels recorded at 9.26 metres above the danger level, with the floods caused mainly by the overflow of water from the river's upstream in the Tenom district.[47] About 292 people were evacuated as the flood situation worsened in Beaufort, while the condition improved in the interior districts of Tenom and Kemabong.[48] The number of victims increased to 300 overnight.[49] Most victims in Tenom were able to return home, with only one of the eleven flood relief centres still operational as water levels receded.[50] However, more relief centres are expected to be opened if the rain continues and the water from upper Tenom and Keningau flood the Padas River.[51] In Kudat, 9 families comprising 63 people were affected by floods and have sought shelter at relatives' and neighbours' houses.[50][51]

As of 2 January 2015, floodwaters continued to recede and the number of evacuees in Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang and Perak continued to reduce while the state of Sabah once again in preparation for evacuees as floodwaters has started to rising in Kota Belud.[52]

Philippines[edit]

Visayas and Mindanao were severely affected, especially in the area around Tacloban.[5] More than 31 people were killed and at least 7 were reported missing.[7] In some area of the Philippines, the flood waters are 1.5 metres deep.[53] Flooding in the Philippines was widely caused by Typhoon Jangmi (Seniang).[54]

Thailand[edit]

On 21 December, a Thailand Army helicopter Bell 206 which departed for relief missions was crashed in Yala's Muang District due to bad weather, injuring four crewmen.[55] Because of the incident, Thai southern army has imposed a ban on all types of aircraft from 22–26 December and were ordered to use only ground vehicles to patrol flooded areas.[56] A large number of districts in Narathiwat Province have been declared disaster zones with 115,853 residents from 30,624 households been affected.[55] Eight of sixteen districts in Songkhla Province, including Hat Yai, Sadao, Rattaphum, Khuan Niang, Chana, Thepha, Na Thawi and Sabai Yoi also have been declared disaster zones.[57] In Yala Province, more than 50,000 residents have been affected.[58] As of 30 December, 15 people have been killed in the flooding.[6][20]

On 26 December, rains in Narathiwat and Pattani provinces have stopped, while flooding in Phatthalung has eased. Continuous aid were distributed to affected residents in Songkhla Province including to Malaysian residents in the border of Narathiwat as Thai Prime Minister had heard that around 40,000 Malaysians living along the border were suffering.[59]

Effects[edit]

Healthcare[edit]

As of 29 December, the flooding has affected 102 health facilities in West Malaysia, 38 of which are still operating.[60] An anaesthesiologist working in Kelantan's Kuala Krai Hospital had to intubate a baby in the dark after a diesel generator ran out of fuel.[61] Helicopters were used to evacuate patients from Kuala Krai Hospital as the flood worsened.[62] The 180 hospital staffs have been working tirelessly for over 5 days.[63] The hospital also doubled as a temporary relief centre for flood victims.[64] Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital (HUSM) in Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, experienced a blood shortage due to overwhelming life-saving demands.[65] Medical students were mobilised to assist medical officers on duty at HUSM.[66]

In Thailand, sandbag barriers were stacked around Nong Chik Hospital in Pattani, with four pumps working around the clock to keep out the flood water. Sandbags were also stacked at Tambon Pakaharang health promotion hospital. Some equipment was relocated to higher ground as a precaution. However, both hospitals continued their regular daily operations.[67]

Education[edit]

Three universities namely Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), and Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) were affected by floods.[68] Students of UMK decided to flee from their university in view of worsening flood crisis.[69] Such affected universities will be allowed to defer their examinations scheduled in early January 2015.[68] In the mean time, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Penang campus have been urging its Kelantan students to return to their campus earlier to avoid being trapped by floods.[70] As of 28 December 2014, a total of 340 schools in Malaysia have either been converted into flood relief centres or flooded by waters. The Ministry of Education Malaysia announced that opening of all primary and secondary schools will be delayed for 1 week. This is to ensure that all schools are clean and safe for the students before the opening day.[71]

In Thailand, 237 schools were closed due to floods.[72]

Economy[edit]

Palm oil and rubber prices have surged as flooding has have disrupted supplies from Thailand and Malaysia.[73] Rubber output in Thailand and Malaysia will drop at least 30 per cent and prices been predicted to rise further.[73] As floodwaters in Malaysia are not receding, palm oil production decline sharply.[73]

Social[edit]

In Malaysia, shortage of food supplies, electricity, clean water, banking services and erratic communication problems continue to affect flood victims after the flood started to recede. Lack of banking services has caused some petrol stations to run out of small change.[74] Some victims survived on donated relief items while other desperate flood victims started to fight or steal for food and valuables from abandoned homes. One mother was forced to feed her 6 months old infant with formula milk mixed with rainwater. However, flood victims still have rice, bread, canned sardines and egg for dinner at a relief centre.[75] Some unregistered flood victims claimed that they were denied help from NGOs when they tried to stop the NGOs at the side of the road. Tissue papers drenched in cooking oil was used to provide light when there was no electricity or candles supplies.[76]

Some flood victims were worried of that their valuables were being stolen from their homes and they have to swim back to their homes every day to check on their items.[76] Prices of essential items were artificially raised. For example, one bottled of water costs MYR5, one large candle costs MYR14, l.5 litres of petrol costs MYR12, and one can of sardines costs MYR8. Some boat owners charged MYR5 for crossing Pahang River and MYR15 for longer journeys.[77] Nevertheless, some quarters argued that the flood has united all Malaysians together to help each other regardless of race, religion, or political stance.[78]

Flood victims at Rantau Panjang, Kelantan, Malaysia, started to cross Golok River into Su-ngai Kolok town as the floods here in Thailand begun to subside. Residents of Rantau Panjang shop for essential items at Su-ngai Kolok Municipality Market. At least six petrol stations in Su-ngai Kolok district were closed temporarily due to overwhelming demand for petrol. Authorities also started to release excessive water from Bang Lang Dam which would later affected riverside communities on the banks of Pattani River in Bannang Sata and Krong Pinang District.[11][79]

In Indonesia, shortly after when the flood recede in Bandung, many children beggars started to come out to begging for aid as flood aid were insufficient for them.[29]

Response[edit]

Locals[edit]

 Indonesia — Some Indonesian agencies prepared shelters in the affected districts, including at police and military headquarters and houses of worship.[21] About 400 volunteers were mobilised to distribute aid and the Indonesian Military (TNI) boosted its personnel numbers.[9]

 Malaysia — The Malaysian government mobilised all available assets to help in flood rescue operations, the number of rescue team members was increased, and $14 million was allocated to manage relief centres.[80][81][82] An additional $142 million in funding was announced.[83][84] The Prime Minister said that an additional MYR500 million had been allocated for the state of Sabah.[85] The Prime Minister also brought forward the payment of 1Malaysia People's Aid (BR1M) and special schooling aid of RM 100 to mid-January in order to ease the burden of flood victims.[86] He also said that flood mitigation improvements will be given a priority in the Eleven Malaysia Plan (2016–2020) to prevent such disaster from recurring as existing flood mitigation systems were unable to cope with the extent of floods that struck several states.[87]

The state of Malacca sent around MYR500,000,[88] both the state of Penang and Selangor allocated around MYR1.5 million,[89][90] the state of Sarawak delivered about MYR2 million,[91] while the state of Terengganu whose being itself affected by the floods have delivered another MYR1 million.[92] As a mark of respect for all flood victims nationwide, most New Year celebration concerts, including those in Pahang, Perak, Sabah, Selangor and Terengganu, were cancelled.[93] The state of Malacca decided to celebrate the New Year in a simple way and cancelled most of its events.[94]

The Malaysian bank Maybank has offered a six-month moratorium on loan instalment payments and waiver of certain charges on a case-by-case basis for customers affected by the floods in the country.[95] The bank also has assisted flood victims through a recent partnership between the Maybank Foundation and Mercy Malaysia.[95] Johor FA has announced a contribution of MYR100,000 to assist the growing number of flood victims on the East Coast.[96] Various non-governmental organisations have contributed their assistance.[97]

 Thailand — Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha has instructed related officials to quickly provide aid to victims in the southern floods.[98] Following the instruction, soldiers in Thailand have started distributing fresh water to flood victims and stopping cars from entering flooded roads.[57] Deputy Minister of Interior Suthee Markboon has assigned the Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Office in each province to urgently deliver assistance to people affected by flooding, survey the damages and expedite a recovery plan.[3] The Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM) has cooperated with the military and other units related to flood relief in each province to install water pumps and assess damages caused by floods.[3]

Internationals[edit]

 China — The Chinese government donated around US$100,000 (MYR339,160) to the Malaysian Red Crescent Society (MCRS).[99] Chinese ambassador to Malaysia Huang Huikan said that the Chinese government is "concerned for its Malaysian brothers who are affected by the floods. China wishes to stand by Malaysia and we will not allow Malaysians to face such challenges alone". He added that China promised to provide as much relief assistance to Malaysia as possible.[100]

 Japan — The Japanese government, via the Japan International Cooperation Agency (Jica), has pledged emergency relief aid worth over MYR500,000 for flood stricken states in Malaysia. In a statement on their embassy in Malaysia, "the government of Japan expressed sympathy to the people of Malaysia over the massive flooding that forced a huge number of people in the affected areas to be evacuated and ready to offer and provide immediate emergency relief facilities and equipment including generators, water purifiers and other humanitarian goods via Jica. Adding the Japanese government always stands ready to assist Malaysia in such tragic circumstances and earnestly hopes that the Malaysian government and its people will face the adversity with courage".[101][102]

 Singapore — The Singaporean government has pledged S$100,000 for flood victims in Malaysia. The Singaporean Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) announced in a statement that the money will be channelled to flood victims by the Singapore Red Cross (SRC), with an additional S$127,000 to be channelled from the Singapore Disaster Response Emergency Fund. An additional MYR600,000 (S$227,000) was given to the Malaysian Red Crescent Society (MRCS) on 30 December. Water purification units were sent to ensure that affected residents have clean drinking water.[103]

All mosques in Singapore has organising a special fund to aid flood victims in neighbouring Malaysia.[104]

 Taiwan — Taiwanese medical workers and volunteers with 12 vehicles loaded with supplies and rescue equipment entered flood-hit areas in Malaysia and offer relief services to victims. Taiwan economic and cultural centre office has donated MYR5,000 (US$1,429) to help flood victims.[105]

Taiwan Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation founder Dharma Master Cheng Yan has donated MYR350,000 of vegetarian instant rice to flood victims.[102]

 United Arab Emirates — Sheikh Hamdan Bin Zayed Al Nahayan who is the President of the Emirates Red Crescent (ERC) has ordered an emergency aid be delivered to flood survivors in Malaysia's north-eastern states of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang.[106]

 United States — US Secretary of State John Kerry expressed sympathy to the flood victims in Malaysia and has offered US disaster relief assistance for those affected.[107]

International organisations[edit]

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) — Around CHF82,964 (approximately US$83,000) been delivered to Malaysia as part of the Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) to support 25,000 (5,000 families) for a period of one month. The DREF will fund the distribution of 10,000 blankets for 5,000 families as part of the overall operation.[108]

Islamic Relief — The organisation focused distributing aid on Rantau Panjang town as the area at present has little support from non-governmental organisations.[109]

ShelterBox — Response team is on their way to Malaysia to start assessing on what type of shelter is needed and determining the best aid method.[110]

Controversies[edit]

As Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak was away, his deputy, Muhyiddin Yassin, was in charge for the flood crisis.[111] However, the Prime Minister later ended his vacation amidst criticism from the public when he was seen playing golf with Barack Obama in Hawaii, United States.[112] Some victims have accused the government of being slow to provide assistance.[43][82] However, Najib said that the golf game is necessary in establishing diplomatic ties with the United States and the event has been planned much earlier even before the flood started.[113]

The Malaysian federal government was urged to declare a state of emergency in view of worsening floods. This measure is recommended in order to mobilise all the machinery of the government to tackle the flood situation.[114] However, prime minister Najib decided that state of emergency is not needed because insurance companies will not be paying compensations to the victims as damages will be included in "force majeure" category.[115] However, the opposition dismissed such explanation by Najib[116] and insurance companies clarifies that as long as flood is covered in a policy, flood victims would be eligible for their claims.[117]

The Menteri Besar of Kelantan, Nik Muhammad Abduh, said that the flood is due to the wrath of Allah. Therefore, the Kelantan state government must enforce "hudud" law, despite widespread opposition against the law.[118] However, the state assembly building where the state government is supposed to table a hudud law has been waterlogged since 25 December.[119] This has caused the state government to postpone the special sitting to a later date.[120] However, the state government was told to help flood victims first instead of focusing on the hudud issue.[121] Muhammad V of Kelantan called for more environmentally friendly measures to prevent such flooding from happening again.[122]

Rescue missions have been difficult, due to uncertain weather conditions and some residents' refusal to evacuate.[81][123] A village head at Kampung Jimah, Lukut, Negeri Sembilan, attempted to chase away opposition representatives who sought to provide aid to victims' families.[124] In another instance, opposition representatives were shooed away by local authorities when they attempted to provide aid at a relief centre in Kluang, Johor.[125]

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External links[edit]
Pre–2000
Post–2000
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014–15_Southeast_Asian_floods&oldid=640643091"