Albright–Knox Art Gallery

Albright-Knox Art Gallery
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Location	1285 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, New York
Coordinates	42°55′57″N 78°52′32″W
Built	1890-1905
Architect	Augustus Saint Gaudens, Edward Brodhead Green
Architectural style	Beaux arts
Governing body	Private
NRHP Reference #	71000538
Added to NRHP	May 27, 1971

The Albright–Knox Art Gallery is an art museum located at 1285 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, New York in Delaware Park. The gallery is a major showplace for modern art and contemporary art. It is located directly across the street from Buffalo State College.

History

View from Elmwood Avenue

View from inside

The parent organization of the Albright–Knox Art Gallery is the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, founded in 1862. It is one of the oldest public arts institutions in the United States. In 1890, Buffalo entrepreneur and philanthropist, John J. Albright, a wealthy Buffalo industrialist, began the construction of the Albright Art Gallery for the Academy. The building was designed by prominent local architect Edward Brodhead Green. It was originally intended to be used as the Fine Arts Pavilion for the Pan-American Exposition in 1901, but delays in its construction caused it to remain uncompleted until 1905.

In 1962, a new addition was made to the gallery through the contributions of Seymour H. Knox, Jr. and his family, and many other donors. At this time the museum was renamed the Albright–Knox Art Gallery. The new building was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill architect Gordon Bunshaft, who is noted for the Lever House in New York City. The Albright–Knox Art Gallery is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

The museum first began discussing a possible expansion in 2001. In 2012, the board commissioned the architectural firm Snøhetta to produce a master plan for future growth.

Exhibitions

In 1978, the Albright–Knox Art Gallery's exhibition on the work of Richard Diebenkorn was chosen to represent the United States at the 28th Venice Biennale. In 1988, the museum again won the competition to organize the exhibition representing the United States in Venice; the museum's curator Michael G. Auping proposed media artist Jenny Holzer.

Collection

File:Albert Gleizes, 1913, L'Homme au hamac, oil on canvas, 130 x 155.5 cm. Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York.jpg|Albert Gleizes, L'Homme au Hamac (Man in a Hammock), 1913, oil on canvas, 130 x 155.5 cm The Albright–Knox Art Gallery has long operated not by collecting artists’ work in depth but by trying to acquire key works. The gallery's collection includes several pieces spanning art throughout the centuries. Impressionistic and Post-Impressionistic styles can be found in works by artists of the nineteenth century such as Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh.

Revolutionary styles from the early twentieth century such as cubism, surrealism, constructivism are represented in works by artists like Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Henri Matisse, André Derain, Joan Miró, Piet Mondrian, and Alexander Rodchenko. Because of Seymour H. Knox and Gordon M. Smith, a former director, the Albright-Knox was one of the first museums to collect Abstract Expressionism in depth.

More modern pieces showing styles of abstract expressionism, pop art, and art of the 1970s through the end of the century can also be found represented by artists such as Arshile Gorky, Jackson Pollock, Clyfford Still, and Andy Warhol. Additionally, the gallery is also very rich in various pieces of post-war American and European art; their contemporary collection includes pieces by artists such as Kiki Smith, Allan Graham, Georg Baselitz, John Connell, and Per Kirkeby. The museum bought Anselm Kiefer's large-scale Die Milchstrasse (The Milkyway) (1985–87) in 1988 to celebrate its 125th anniversary.

The Albright-Knox’s current exhibition space can accommodate only 200 works — just 3% of its 6,740-piece collection.

Selected collection highlights

Paintings

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  Honoré Daumier, Laundress on the Quai d'Anjou, c. 1860

• 

  Jacques-Louis David, Portrait of Jacques-François Desmaisons, 1782

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  Robert Delaunay, Soleil, Tour, Aéroplane (Sun, Tower, Airplane), 1913

• 

  Thomas Eakins, Music, 1904

• 

  Thomas Gainsborough, Portrait of Miss Evans, c. 1786-1790

• 

  Paul Gauguin, The Yellow Christ, 1889

• 

  Paul Gauguin, Spirit of the Dead Watching 1892

• 

  Albert Gleizes, L'Homme au Hamac (Man in a Hammock), 1913, oil on canvas, 130 x 155.5 cm

• 

  William Hogarth, The Lady's Last Stake, 1759

• 

  Winslow Homer, Croquet Players, 1865

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  Jean Metzinger, 1912, Danseuse au café (Dancer in a café), oil on canvas, 146.1 x 114.3 cm. Exhibited at the 1912 Salon d'Automne

• 

  Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Small Nude in Blue, 1879

• 

  Joshua Reynolds Cupid as Link Boy, c. 1771-1777

• 

  Henri Rousseau, Bouquet of Flowers with an Ivy Branch, 1909

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  Alfred Sisley, Village Street in Marlotte, 1866

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  Vincent van Gogh, La Maison de la Crau (The Old Mill), 1888

• 

  Andy Warhol, 100 Cans, 1962

The Albright-Knox has more than 6,500 works in its collection, below is a list highlighting a few notable paintings:

Name	Artist	Year	Notes
Hotel Lobby	Max Beckmann	1950
Music and Literature	William Michael Harnett	1878
Self-Portrait with Monkey	Frida Kahlo	1938
La Jeune bonne (The Servant Girl)	Amedeo Modigliani	1918
Nude Figure	Pablo Picasso	1909-1910
La Toilette	Pablo Picasso	1906
Convergence	Jackson Pollock	1952
Orange and Yellow	Mark Rothko	1956
Cow	Andy Warhol	1976

Sculptures

The gallery contains a variety of sculptures on the exterior grounds. Some of the most notable include:

Name	Artist	Year
Alphabet Series	Fletcher Benton	N/A
Big Red	James Rosati	1971
Bond	Alexander Liberman	1969
Stainless Steel, Aluminum, Monochrome I, Built to Live Anywhere, at Home Here	Nancy Rubins	2011
Cigarette	Tony Smith	1961
Diamond I of III	Antoni Milkowski	1967
Directional I	Lyman Kipp	1962
Karma	Do-Ho Suh	2010
E.C. Column	Kenneth Snelson	1969–81
Flat Rate II	Lyman Kipp	1969
Four Chances	Kenneth Snelson	1982
Into the Blue	Shayne Dark	2005
Laura	Jaume Plensa	2012
Look and See	Jim Hodges	2005
Stacked Revision Structure	Liam Gillick	2005
The Cry	Isamu Noguchi	1962
Turning the World Upside Down #4	Anish Kapoor	1998

Deaccessioning and the Albright-Knox's mission

Artemis and the Stag, on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

In 2007, the Albright–Knox Art Gallery deaccessioned a Roman-era bronze sculpture, Artemis and the Stag, that was auctioned at Sotheby's New York on June 7, 2007, and brought $28.6 million. This was the highest price ever paid at auction for an antiquity or a sculpture of any period, according to Sotheby's. It was purchased by the London dealer Giuseppe Eskenazi on behalf of a private European collector.

The event brought national attention to what until then had been a local question, the mission of the Albright-Knox. In February 2007, when the list of works to be deaccessioned was made public, Albright-Knox Director Louis Grachos defined the ancient sculpture as falling outside the institution's historical "core mission" of "acquiring and exhibiting art of the present." This definition made public critics wonder whether the position at the Gallery of "William Hogarth's Lady's Last Stake or Sir Joshua Reynolds' Cupid as a Link Boy were secure. Works by Gustave Courbet, Honoré Daumier, Jacques-Louis David and Eugène Delacroix had been purchased by the museum in earlier decades.

The decision to deaccession certain art works was made by a vote of the museum's Board of Directors, was voted on and ratified by the entire membership, and followed the guidelines of the American Alliance of Museums. The sale raised questions about how museums can remain vital when they are situated in economically declining regions and have limited means for raising funds for operations and acquisitions.

Hours

The gallery is open Tuesday-Sunday 10am-5pm. The first Friday of the month, through the generous support of M&T Bank the Gallery is open from 10am-10pm, with free admission to the permanent collection.

Management

View from Delaware Park

Governance

Since 2013, Janne Sirén has been director of the Albright-Knox Art Gallery. Sirén is believed to be the first director from the Nordic region to take the helm of a major American art museum.

His predecessors include:

• Louis Grachos (2002-2013)
• Douglas C. Schultz
• Robert Treat Buck Jr. (1973-1983)
• Gordon M. Smith
• Samuel D. Magavern

Funding

As of 2007, the Albright-Knox Art Gallery's endowment stood at about $58 million, generating about $1.1 million a year for acquisitions. Since the proceeds from the sale of some 200 works of art in 2007 were added to the preexisting $22 million acquisitions endowment, the museum has been able to spend as much as almost $5 million on new art annually. In 2013, the Albright-Knox Art Gallery received an $11 million bequest from the estate of longtime board member and Buffalo arts patron Peggy Pierce Elfvin, possibly the largest single gift in the museum’s history.

See also

• Portrait of Seymour H. Knox
• Seymour H. Knox II

External links

• Albright-Knox Art Gallery official homepage
• Buffalo Architecture and History: Albright-Knox Art Gallery, with photos and more detailed history