Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex

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"Dallas–Fort Worth" redirects here. For the airport, see Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.
Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington
Metropolitan Statistical Area
Downtown Dallas, Texas in March 2009
Downtown Dallas, Texas in March 2009
Downtown Fort Worth, Texas in March 2007
Downtown Fort Worth, Texas in March 2007
Country United States
State Texas
Principal cities
Area
 • Urban 1,407.0 sq mi (3,644.2 km2)
 • Metro 9,286 sq mi (24,059 km2)
Highest elevation 1,368 ft (417 m)
Lowest elevation 606 ft (184 m)
Population (2010)[1][2]
 • Density 634/sq mi (245/km2)
 • Urban 4,145,659 (6th)
 • MSA 6,426,214 (4th)
 • CSA 6,817,483 (8th)
  MSA/CSA: 2010
Urban: 2000
Time zone CST (UTC-6)
 • Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)

The Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area, the official title designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget, encompasses 13 counties within the U.S. state of Texas. The area is divided into two distinct metropolitan divisions: Dallas–Plano–Irving and Fort Worth–Arlington–Grapevine. Residents of the area informally refer to it as the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex, DFW, or The Metroplex. It is the economic and cultural hub of the region commonly called North Texas or North Central Texas and is the largest land-locked metropolitan area in the United States.[3]

The 2011 official estimate U.S. Census has the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex at 6,526,548,[4] making it the largest metropolitan area in the South. During the 12-month period from July 2008 to July 2009, the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area gained 146,530 new residents, more than any other metropolitan area in the United States.[5][6] The area's population has grown by about one million since the last census was administered in 2000.[7] The Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington MSA is, by population, the largest metropolitan area in Texas, the largest in the South, the fourth-largest in the United States, and the tenth-largest in the Americas. The metroplex encompasses 9,286 square miles (24,100 km2) of total area: 8,991 sq mi (23,290 km2) is land, while 295 sq mi (760 km2) is water, making it larger in area than the U.S. states of Rhode Island and Connecticut combined. It is also the sixth largest gross metropolitan product (GMP) in the United States,[8] and approximately tenth largest by GMP in the world.

Origin of the term[edit]

See also: Metroplex

According to the North Texas Commission (NTC), the term originated from an ad agency's combination of the terms "metropolitan" and "complex". The NTC copyrighted[9] the term "Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex" in 1972 as a replacement for the previously-ubiquitous "North Texas", which studies had shown lacked identifiability outside the state. In fact, only 38 percent of a survey group identified Dallas and Fort Worth as part of "North Texas", with the Texas Panhandle also a perceived correct answer, being the northernmost region of Texas.[10]

Metroplex counties[edit]

US Government Designated[edit]

Counties in the DFW metroplex

Metroplex cities, towns, and CDPs[edit]

Downtown Dallas, Texas in March 2009. Dallas is the 9th largest city in the United States.
Downtown Fort Worth, Texas in June 2010. Fort Worth is the 17th largest city in the United States.

Note: Cities and towns are categorized based on the latest population estimates from the North Central Texas Council of Governments (as of January 1, 2012).[11] No population estimates are released for census-designated places (CDPs), which are marked with an asterisk (*). These places are categorized based on their 2010 census population.[12]

Places with more than 100,000 inhabitants[edit]

Dallas Metropolitan Area at Night. Astronaut photo courtesy NASA, 2012.

Places designated "principal cities" by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) are italicized in bold.[13]

+1,000,000

500,000–999,999

200,000–499,999

100,000–199,999

Places with 10,000 to 99,999 inhabitants[edit]

Places with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants[edit]

Unincorporated places[edit]

Demographics[edit]

Main article: Demographics of Dallas-Fort Worth
Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
2000 5,161,544 —
2010 6,371,773 23.4%

As of the 2010 United States census,[14] there were 6,371,773 people. The racial makeup of the MSA was 50.2% European American, 15.4% African American, 0.6% Native American, 5.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 10.0% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27.5% of the population.

The median income for a household in the MSA was $48,062, and the median income for a family was $55,263. Males had a median income of $39,581 versus $27,446 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $21,839.

Combined Statistical Area[edit]

The Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK Combined Statistical Area is made up of 19 counties in north central Texas and one county in southern Oklahoma. The statistical area includes two metropolitan areas and seven micropolitan areas. As of the 2010 Census, the CSA had a population of 6,817,483 (though a July 1, 2012 estimate placed the population at 7,095,411).[15] The CSA definition encompasses 14,628 sq mi (37,890 km2) of area, of which 14,126 sq mi (36,590 km2) is land and 502 sq mi (1,300 km2) is water.

Components[edit]

  • Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs)
    • Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington (Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Hood, Hunt, Johnson, Kaufman, Parker, Rockwall, Somervell, Tarrant, and Wise counties)
    • Sherman-Denison (Grayson County)

Demographics[edit]

As of the census[14] of 2000, there were 5,487,956 people, 2,006,665 households, and 1,392,540 families residing within the CSA. The racial makeup of the CSA was 70.41% White, 13.34% African American, 0.59% Native American, 3.58% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 9.62% from other races, and 2.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.83% of the population. It is home to the fourth-largest Muslim population in the country.[16]

The median income for a household in the CSA was $43,836, and the median income for a family was $50,898. Males had a median income of $37,002 versus $25,553 for females. The per capita income for the CSA was $20,460.

Geography[edit]

The Metroplex overlooks mostly prairie land with a few rolling hills dotted by man-made lakes cut by streams, creeks and rivers surrounded by forest land. The Metroplex is situated in the Texas blackland prairies region, so named for its fertile black soil found especially in the rural areas of Collin, Dallas, Ellis, Hunt, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties.

Many areas of Denton, Johnson, Parker, Tarrant, and Wise counties are located in the Fort Worth Prairie[17] region of North Texas, which has less fertile and more rocky soil than that of the Texas blackland prairie; most of the rural land on the Fort Worth Prairie is ranch land. A large onshore natural gas field, the Barnett Shale, lies underneath this area; Denton, Tarrant and Wise counties feature many natural gas wells. Continuing land use change results in scattered crop fields surrounded by residential or commercial development.

South of Dallas and Fort Worth is a line of rugged hills that goes north to south about 15 miles (24 km) that looks similar to the Texas Hill Country 200 miles (320 km) to the south.

Economy[edit]

See also: List of major companies in Dallas/Ft.Worth
Headquarters of AMR Corporation and American Airlines

The cities of Dallas and Fort Worth are the two central cities of the Metroplex. Dallas and its suburbs have one of the highest concentrations of corporate headquarters in the United States. As such, one of the largest industries in the Metroplex is conducting business. The Metroplex also contains the largest Information Technology industry base in the state (often referred to as Silicon Prairie or the Telecom Corridor), owing to the large number of corporate IT projects and the presence of numerous electronics, computing and telecommunication firms such as Texas Instruments, HP Enterprise Services, Dell Services, Nokia, i2, AT&T, Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, CA and Verizon in and around Dallas. On the other end of the business spectrum, and on the other side of the Metroplex, the Texas farming and ranching industry is based in Fort Worth. According to the Dallas Business Journal's 2006 Book of Lists, American Airlines is the largest employer in the Metroplex. Several major defense manufacturers, including Lockheed Martin, Bell Helicopter Textron, and Raytheon, maintain significant operations in the Metroplex. ExxonMobil, the #2 corporation on the Fortune 500 listings, is headquartered in Irving, Texas.

Changes in house prices for the Metroplex are publicly tracked on a regular basis using the Case–Shiller index; the statistic is published by Standard & Poor's and is also a component of S&P's 20-city composite index of the value of the U.S. residential real estate market.

Politics[edit]

Presidential Election Results
Year Republican Democratic
2012 57% 1,202,585 43% 896,612
2008 55% 1,190,150 45% 970,130
2004 62% 1,190,362 38% 732,787
2000 62% 973,070 38% 587,889

The Dallas-Fort Worth area is a Republican stronghold in national elections. Democratic voters dominate a majority of areas in the city of Dallas. Republicans dominate most suburbs and the rural areas of the Metroplex. When taking the entire metropolitan area into account, however, Republicans have consistently carried it in presidential elections.

Transportation[edit]

Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport

The Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, located between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth, is the largest and busiest airport in the state of Texas. At 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi) of total land area, DFW is the second largest airport in the country and sixth largest in the world. It is the third busiest airport in the world in terms of aircraft movements and the seventh busiest airport in the world in terms of passenger traffic, transporting 59,784,876 passengers in 2007.[18] American Airlines, based in Fort Worth, has its headquarters adjacent to DFW Airport. American, which recently regained the title as largest airline in the world in terms of passengers transported and fleet size, is a predominant leader in domestic routes and operations.[19]

Love Field Airport (IATA airport code: DAL) is located on the northwest side of the city of Dallas. Southwest Airlines, the largest carrier in the world in terms of passengers carried, is based in Dallas next to Love Field.

Public transit options continue to expand significantly, though in several outlying suburbs, it remains limited. Dallas County and parts of Collin and Rockwall Counties have bus service and light rail operated by Dallas Area Rapid Transit, (DART), covering thirteen member cities. With the completion of projects currently under construction, DART's rail network will grow to 90 miles of track by 2014. The Red Line extends north to Plano and southwest to Westmoreland Road. The Blue Line reaches from Rowlett in the northeast to Ledbetter Road in south Dallas (with an additional 3 miles south to the University of North Texas near I-20 scheduled to open in 2019). DART's most recent addition, the 28-mile Green Line, which opened in December 2010, connects Carrollton in the northwest through Downtown Dallas to Pleasant Grove in the southeast. The Orange Line, which currently parallels the Red Line from Plano to Downtown Dallas and the Green Line from Downtown Dallas to Northwest Hwy, will be extended in phases from Northwest Hwy. to Las Colinas (Irving) in 2012 and finally to DFW International Airport in 2014.

Denton County has bus service limited to Denton, Highland Village, and Lewisville (with commuter service to downtown Dallas) provided by the Denton County Transportation Authority (DCTA). The A-train, a diesel commuter rail line, parallels I-35E to connect Denton, Highland Village, Lewisville, and Carrollton. Several smaller towns along this line, Corinth, Shady Shores, and Lake Dallas, voted to abstain from DCTA and do not have stations. There is an across-the-platform transfer in Carrollton to the DART Green Line. A-Train service began June 20, 2011.[20]

Tarrant County has bus service operated by the Fort Worth Transportation Authority (known as 'The T'), available only in Fort Worth. The diesel commuter train that serves Fort Worth and its eastern suburbs is operated as the Trinity Railway Express; it connects downtown Fort Worth to downtown Dallas, where it links to the DART light rail system. A station near its midpoint, Centerport, serves DFW Airport via a free airport shuttle bus. The TRE is jointly owned by FWTA and DART.[21] AMTRAK serves Dallas and Fort Worth once daily in each direction on a route from Chicago to Austin to San Antonio, with connections at San Antonio to New Orleans, Houston, El Paso, Phoenix, and Los Angeles.

The Dallas-Fort Worth area has thousands of lane-miles of freeways and interstates. The Metroplex has the second largest number of freeway-miles per capita in the nation, behind only the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. Like most major metropolitan areas in Texas, most interstates and freeways have access roads where most of the businesses are located; these access roads have slip ramps that merge onto the freeways and interstates. North-south Interstates include I-35 and I-45. East-west routes include I-30 and I-20. I-35 splits into I-35E and I-35W from Denton to Hillsboro: I-35W goes through Fort Worth while I-35E goes through Dallas. (This is one of only two examples of an interstate splitting off into branches and then rejoining into one again; the other split is in Minneapolis-St. Paul where I-35E goes into St. Paul and I-35W goes through Minneapolis). I-30 connects Dallas and Fort Worth, and I-45 connects Dallas to Houston. HOV lanes currently exist along I-35E, I-30, I-635, US 67, and US 75. I-20 bypasses both Dallas and Fort Worth to the south while its loop, I-820, loops around Fort Worth. I-635 splits to the north of I-20 and loops around east and north Dallas, ending at SH 121 north of DFW Airport. I-35E, Loop 12, and Spur 408 ultimately connect to I-20 southwest of Dallas, completing the west bypass loop around Dallas. A large number of construction projects are planned or are already underway in the region to alleviate congestion. Due largely to funding issues, many of the new projects involve building new tollways or adding tolled express lanes to existing highways.[citation needed]

Largest area private-sector employers[edit]

Source: Dallas Business Journal Book of Lists 2006
company # of employees locally type of business
American Airlines 22,077 Commercial airline
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 21,133 Retail
Texas Health Resources 16,289 Health care
Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company 15,900 Military aircraft design and production
Baylor Health Care System 15,200 Health care
Citigroup 15,000 Financial Services
AT&T Inc. 13,729 Data, voice, networking and internet services
Verizon Communications 12,500 Telecommunications
Texas Instruments 10,600 Semiconductor manufacturing
Albertsons 10,100 Retail grocery
Brinker International 10,000 Restaurants
HCA Healthcare 9,896 Health care
JPMorgan Chase 8,800 Financial services
J.C. Penney Company, Inc. 7,900 Retail
Kroger Food Stores 7,600 Retail grocery
Target Corporation 7,554 Retail
Electronic Data Systems (EDS) 7,300 Information technology services
Bank of America 7,000 Financial services
Tom Thumb Food & Pharmacy (Safeway Inc.) 6,314 Retail grocery
Fidelity Investments 5,900 Financial services
Southwest Airlines 5,543 Commercial airline
Bell Helicopter Textron 5,301 Aircraft manufacturing
Minyard Food Stores, Inc. 5,091 Retail grocery
Blockbuster, Inc. 4,500 Retail video and games
General Motors 4,030 Automotive manufacturer
RadioShack Corp. 3,896 Electronics retailer
Sprint 3,501 Communications products

Media[edit]

The cities of Dallas and Fort Worth have their own newspapers, The Dallas Morning News and the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, respectively. Historically, the two papers were restricted in readership to their own counties; Tarrant County households would never read the Morning News and vice versa.[citation needed] As the two cities' suburbs have grown together in recent years (and especially since the demise of the Dallas Times Herald in 1991), it is now common to find locations where both of the newspapers are sold. This pattern has been repeated in other print media, radio, and television, but since the 1970s all of the television stations and most of the FM radio stations have chosen to transmit from Cedar Hill so as to serve the entire market, and are programmed likewise. A recent phenomenon seen most clearly in the DFW market has been the rise of "80-90 move-ins", whereby stations have been moved from distant markets, in some cases as far away as Oklahoma, and relicensed to anonymous small towns in the Metroplex to serve as additional DFW stations. According to RadioTime, the market has 38 AM stations, 58 FM stations (many of them class Cs), and 18 full-power television stations. Dallas-Fort Worth is the 5th largest television market in the United States, behind only New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago and Philadelphia.

Two Metroplex AM radio stations, 820 WBAP and 1080 KRLD, are 50,000-watt stations with coverage of much of the North American continent and beyond during nighttime hours.

There is a strong presence of South Asian population in DFW metroplex (Indian Sub-continent) They have an FM 104.9 radio channel and 700 AM radio.[22] Recently Sony TV, a subsidiary of Sony TV Asia, launched it FTA (free to Air OTA) channel on 44.2 station in DFW. It was one of the 2 locations they chose in USA, other being NYC.

See Also:

Sports[edit]

The Metroplex is one of just twelve American metropolitan areas that has a team in each of the four major professional sports leagues. Major professional sports first came to the area in 1960, when the Dallas Cowboys began competing in the National Football League and the Dallas Texans began competing in the American Football League (the Texans would later relocate to Kansas City and become the Chiefs). In 1972, Major League Baseball's Washington Senators moved to Arlington to become the Texas Rangers, named after the statewide law enforcement agency. The National Basketball Association expanded into North Texas in 1980 when the Dallas Mavericks were added to the league. The fourth piece was added in 1993 when the Minnesota North Stars of the National Hockey League became the Dallas Stars. The MLS team F.C. Dallas is also based in the Metroplex. The area is also home to many other minor-league professional teams, four colleges that compete in NCAA Division I athletics, and has played host to many premiere sports events on both an annual and one-time basis.

Major professional sports teams[edit]

Club Sport Founded League Venue
Dallas Cowboys Football 1960 NFL AT&T Stadium
Texas Rangers Baseball 1972^ MLB Globe Life Park in Arlington
Dallas Mavericks Basketball 1980 NBA American Airlines Center
Dallas Stars Hockey 1993^ NHL American Airlines Center
FC Dallas Soccer 1996 MLS Toyota Stadium

^- Indicates year team relocated to the area

Other professional teams[edit]

Club Sport Founded League Venue
Allen Americans Hockey 2009 ECHL Allen Event Center
Dallas Sidekicks Indoor soccer 2012 Major Arena Soccer League Allen Event Center
Frisco RoughRiders Baseball 2003^ Texas League Dr Pepper Ballpark
Fort Worth Cats Baseball 2001 ULB LaGrave Field
Grand Prairie AirHogs Baseball 2007 AAIPBL QuikTrip Park
Texas Legends Basketball 2010^ NBA D-League Dr Pepper Arena
Texas Jr. Brahmas Hockey 2010 NA3HL NYTEX Sports Centre
Texas Revolution Indoor football 2011^ Champions Indoor Football Allen Event Center
Texas Wild Tennis 2013^ World Team Tennis Four Seasons Resort and Club Dallas at Las Colinas

^- Indicates year team relocated to the area

Division I college athletics[edit]

School City Nickname Conference
University of North Texas Denton Mean Green Conference USA
University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Mavericks Sun Belt Conference
Southern Methodist University University Park Mustangs American Athletic Conference
Texas Christian University Fort Worth Horned Frogs Big 12 Conference
Dallas Baptist University Dallas Patriots Missouri Valley Conference (baseball only)

The headquarters for both the Big 12 and Conference USA are located in Irving, and the Southland Conference headquarters are in Frisco.

Sports events hosted[edit]

Event Sport Year(s) Venue
Red River Rivalry College Football 1912–present Cotton Bowl
Battle for the Iron Skillet College Football 1915–present Cotton Bowl, Amon G. Carter Stadium, Ownby Stadium, Texas Stadium, Ford Stadium
Fort Worth Classic College Football 1921 Panther Park
Dixie Classic College Football 1922, 1925, 1934 Fair Park Stadium
PGA Championship Golf 1927, 1963 Cedarcrest Golf Course, Dallas Athletic Club
AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic College Football 1937–present Cotton Bowl, AT&T Stadium
U.S. Open Golf 1941 Colonial Country Club
Byron Nelson Golf Classic Golf 1944–present Multiple courses in Dallas
Colonial National Invitational Golf 1946–present Colonial Country Club
Pro Bowl Football 1973 Texas Stadium
The Players Championship Golf 1975 Colonial Country Club
Dallas Grand Prix Auto Racing 1984–1996 Fair Park, Addison, Reunion Arena
NBA All-Star Game Basketball 1986 Reunion Arena
NCAA Men's Final Four Basketball 1986, 2014 Reunion Arena, AT&T Stadium
U.S. Women's Open Golf 1991 Colonial Country Club
FIFA World Cup Preliminaries Soccer 1994 Cotton Bowl
MLB All-Star Game Baseball 1995 Rangers Ballpark in Arlington
Samsung 500 Auto Racing 1997–present Texas Motor Speedway
Bombardier Learjet 550 Auto Racing 1997–present Texas Motor Speedway
Big 12 Championship Game College Football 2001, 2009, 2010 Texas Stadium, AT&T Stadium
Bell Helicopter Armed Forces Bowl College Football 2003–present Amon G. Carter Stadium
Breeders' Cup Classic Horse Racing 2004 Lone Star Park
Dickies 500 Auto Racing 2005–present Texas Motor Speedway
MLS Cup Soccer 2005, 2006 Pizza Hut Park
NHL All-Star Game Hockey 2007 American Airlines Center
CONCACAF Gold Cup Soccer 2009 AT&T Stadium
Cowboys Classic College Football 2009–present AT&T Stadium
Southwest Classic College Football 2009–2011 AT&T Stadium
NBA All-Star Game Basketball 2010 AT&T Stadium
Heart of Dallas Bowl College Football 2010–present Cotton Bowl
Manny Pacquiao vs. Antonio Margarito Professional Boxing November 13, 2010 AT&T Stadium
CONCACAF Gold Cup Soccer 2011 AT&T Stadium
NCAA Division I Football Championship College football 2011–2014 Toyota Stadium
Super Bowl XLV Football 2011 AT&T Stadium
Heart of Dallas Classic Football 2013 Cotton Bowl

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009 (CBSA-EST2009-01)" (CSV). 2009 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2010-03-24. [dead link]
  2. ^ American Community Survey Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington Urbanized Area (2008 estimate)
  3. ^ [1][dead link]
  4. ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Totals: Vintage 2011 - U.S Census Bureau". Census.gov. Retrieved 2013-04-22. 
  5. ^ "Estimates of the Components of Population Change for Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: July 1, 2008 to July 1, 2009 (CBSA-EST2009-09)" (CSV). 2009 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2010-03-24. 
  6. ^ "Dallas-Fort Worth area topping the nation in population growth". Eric Aasen, The Dallas Morning News. 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2010-03-24. 
  7. ^ "Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Population Change for Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009 (CBSA-EST2009-10)" (CSV). 2009 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2010-03-24. 
  8. ^ "News Release: GDP by Metropolitan Area, Advance 2011, and Revised 2001–2010". Bea.gov. Retrieved 2013-04-22. 
  9. ^ North Texas Commission. "History". Retrieved 1 October 2013. 
  10. ^ North Texas Commission (1 January 2002). ""Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex" brand serves region well". Retrieved 27 June 2006. [dead link]
  11. ^ "2012 population estimates" (PDF). North Central Texas Council of Governments, Research and Services Division. 010-04-23. Retrieved 2010-05-04.  Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ "2010 Census: Population of Texas Cities Arranged in Alphabetical Order". Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Retrieved 2012-09-05. 
  13. ^ "Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses". Office of Management and Budget. 2010-05-04. 
  14. ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  15. ^ "Table 2. Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012" (CSV). 2012 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013. 
  16. ^ Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex#Demographics 2
  17. ^ "Cross Timbers and Prairies Ecological Region". 
  18. ^ http://www.airports.org/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-54-55_666_2__
  19. ^ http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/Pages/wats-passenger-carried.aspx
  20. ^ Peterson, Matt (June 20, 2011). "A-train railway begins rolling, carrying commuters from Denton to Carrollton". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved June 20, 2011. 
  21. ^ "About - Trinity Railway Express (TRE)". Trinity Railway Express. Retrieved 2013-04-22. 
  22. ^ Name (Required):. "Sony launches free-to-air SAB TV in the US". Rapid TV News. Retrieved 2013-04-22. 

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