This is a Valued image. Click here for more information.

File:Mount Tambora Volcano, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia.jpg

From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Original file ‎(4,256 × 2,828 pixels, file size: 2.29 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Summary[edit]

Description
Bahasa Indonesia: Foto astronot ini menggambarkan kaldera puncak gunung Tambora. Kaldera ini berdiameter 6 km dan terbentuk dengan dalam 1.100 m ketika puncak Gunung Tambora yang berketinggian kira-kira 4.000 m telah tidak ada, dan ruangan magma di bawahnya menjadi kosong setelah letusan tahun 1815. Saat ini dasar kawah menjadi lokasi sebuah danau air tawar musiman, deposit sedimen yang belum lama, aliran lava kecil, dan kubah yang terbentuk selama abad kesembilan belas dan kedua puluh. Deposit tephra yang berlapis terlihat di sepanjang sisi barat laut bibir kawah. Fumarol aktif, atau ventilasi uap, masih ada di kaldera.
English: This detailed astronaut photograph depicts the summit caldera of the volcano. The huge caldera—6 kilometres in diameter and 1,100 meters deep—formed when Tambora’s estimated 4,000-meter-high peak was removed, and the magma chamber below emptied during the 1815 eruption. Today the crater floor is occupied by an ephemeral freshwater lake, recent sedimentary deposits, and minor lava flows and domes emplaced during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Layered tephra deposits are visible along the north-western crater rim. Active fumaroles, or steam vents, still exist in the caldera.
Français : Photographie de la caldera sommitale du mont Tambora, en Indonésie. Cette caldera est immense, avec 6 km de diamètre et 1000 m de profondeur. Sa formation date de l'éruption de 1815, qui est l'éruption volcanique la plus importante de l'histoire. Avant l'éruption, le Tambora formait un pic d'une altitude d'environ 4000 m. Aujourd'hui, les lèvres de la caldera sont à 2500 m d'altitude. Le fond de la caldera est occupé par un lac temporaire, des coulées de laves provenant d'éruptions mineures et des fumeroles.
Deutsch: Krater des Tambora
Русский: Эта фотография подробно показывает кальдеру вулкана Тамбора, имеющую 6 — 7 километров в диаметре. Она образовалась в результате катастрофического извержения 1815 года, когда верхняя часть вулкана обрушилась из-за опустения магматической камеры под ним. Сегодня внутри кальдеры находится небольшое пресноводное озеро, лавовые купола, а в северо-западной части кратера имеются многослойные отложения тефры. Кроме того кальдере присуща фумарольная активность.


International Space Station InsigniaISS Crew Earth Observations: ISS020-E-06563International Space Station Insignia
Identification
Mission ISS020 (Expedition 20)
Roll E
Frame 06563
Country or Geographic Name Indonesia
Features MOUNT TAMBORA, SUMBAWA ISLAND, CALDERA
Center Point Latitude -8.3° N
Center Point Longitude 118.0° E
Camera
Camera Tilt 27°
Camera Focal Length 800 mm
Camera Nikon D3
Film 4256 x 2832 pixel CMOS sensor, 36.0mm x 23.9mm, total pixels: 12.87 million, Nikon FX format.
Quality
Percentage of Cloud Cover 0-10%
Nadir What is Nadir?
Date 2009-06-03
Time 00:08:06
Nadir Point Latitude -8.2° N
Nadir Point Longitude 119.6° E
Nadir to Photo Center Direction West
Sun Azimuth 60°
Spacecraft Altitude 189 nautical miles (350 km)
Sun Elevation Angle 26°
Orbit Number 371
Original image caption
On April 10, 1815, the Tambora Volcano produced the largest eruption in history. An estimated 150 cubic kilometers of tephra—exploded rock and ash—resulted, with ash from the eruption recognized at least 1,300 kilometers away to the northwest. While the April 10 eruption was catastrophic, historical records and geological analysis of eruption deposits indicate that the volcano had been active between 1812 and 1815. Enough ash was put into the atmosphere from the April 10 eruption to reduce incident sunlight on the Earth’s surface and cause global cooling, resulting in the 1816 “year without a summer.”

This detailed astronaut photograph depicts the summit caldera of the volcano. The huge caldera—6 kilometers in diameter and 1,100 meters deep—formed when Tambora’s estimated 4,000-meter-high peak was removed, and the magma chamber below emptied during the April 10 eruption. Today the crater floor is occupied by an ephemeral freshwater lake, recent sedimentary deposits, and minor lava flows and domes emplaced during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Layered tephra deposits are visible along the northwestern crater rim. Active fumaroles, or steam vents, still exist in the caldera.

In 2004, scientists discovered the remains of a village, and two adults buried under approximately 3 meters of ash in a gully on Tambora’s flank—remnants of the former Kingdom of Tambora preserved by the 1815 eruption that destroyed it. The similarity of the Tambora remains to those associated with the AD 79 eruption of Mount Vesuvius has led to the Tambora site’s description as “the Pompeii of the East.”

Date Published 2009-07-19. Taken 2009-03-06.
Source Image and and English description: Mount Tambora Volcano, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, NASA Earth Observatory. 2nd version: Transferred from de.wikipedia to Commons.; originally from https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/SearchPhotos/photo.pl?mission=ISS020&roll=E&frame=06563
Author This image was taken by the NASA Expedition 20 crew.
Camera location8° 14′ 34.4″ S, 117° 59′ 45.2″ E Kartographer map based on OpenStreetMap.View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap - Google Earthinfo
Shuttle.svg
This image or video was catalogued by Johnson Space Center of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Photo ID: ISS020-E-6563.

This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information.
български | català | čeština | Deutsch | English | español | فارسی | français | galego | magyar | Հայերեն | Bahasa Indonesia | italiano | 日本語 | македонски | മലയാളം | Nederlands | polski | português | русский | sicilianu | Türkçe | українська‎ | 中文 | 中文（简体）‎ | +/−
Valued image seal

Wikimedia CommonsWikipedia

This image has been assessed under the valued image criteria and is considered the most valued image on Commons within the scope Mount Tambora .
Cscr-featured.svgSound-icon-empty.svgThis is a featured picture on the Indonesian language Wikipedia (Gambar pilihan) and is considered one of the finest images.

If you think this file should be featured on Wikimedia Commons as well, feel free to nominate it.
If you have an image of similar quality that can be published under a suitable copyright license, be sure to upload it, tag it, and nominate it.

العربية | অসমীয়া | Azərbaycanca | Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎ | বাংলা | Català | Čeština | Cymraeg | Dansk | Deutsch | Zazaki | Ελληνικά | English | Esperanto | Español | Eesti | Euskara | فارسی | Тоҷикӣ | Suomi | Français | Galego | עברית | हिन्दी | Hrvatski | Magyar | Հայերեն | Bahasa Indonesia | Italiano | 日本語 | ქართული | Қазақша | 한국어 | 조선말 | Lëtzebuergesch | Lietuvių | Македонски | മലയാളം | मराठी | Bahasa Melayu | Malti | Plattdüütsch | Nederlands | Norsk nynorsk | Norsk | Polski | Português | Português do Brasil | Română | Русский | Slovenščina | Српски / srpski | Svenska | தமிழ் | ไทย | Tagalog | Türkçe | Татарча/tatarça | Українська | Tiếng Việt | Yorùbá | 中文（简体）‎ | 中文（繁體）‎ | 粵語 | +/−

Licensing[edit]

Public domain
This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.)
NASA logo.svg
Dialog-warning.svg
Warnings:

Original upload log (2nd version)[edit]

The original description page was here. All following user names refer to de.wikipedia.
  • 2009-07-23 01:35 Geoethno 1440×960× (469914 bytes) {{Information |Beschreibung = Krater des Tambora |Quelle = http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/39000/39412/ISS020-E-06563_l

File history

Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current12:55, 24 February 2011Thumbnail for version as of 12:55, 24 February 20114,256 × 2,828 (2.29 MB)Originalwana (talk | contribs)higher res
17:37, 15 April 2010Thumbnail for version as of 17:37, 15 April 20101,440 × 960 (619 KB)Rosenzweig (talk | contribs)Reverted to version as of 11:04, 19 July 2009. Back to Commons version.
17:37, 15 April 2010Thumbnail for version as of 17:37, 15 April 20101,440 × 960 (459 KB)Rosenzweig (talk | contribs)different version from de.wp
11:04, 19 July 2009Thumbnail for version as of 11:04, 19 July 20091,440 × 960 (619 KB)Originalwana (talk | contribs){{Information |Description={{en|1=This detailed astronaut photograph depicts the summit caldera of the volcano. The huge caldera—6 kilometres in diameter and 1,100 meters deep—formed when Tambora’s estimated 4,000-meter-high peak was removed, and th
  • You cannot overwrite this file.

File usage on other wikis

The following other wikis use this file:

Metadata

This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Retrieved from "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mount_Tambora_Volcano,_Sumbawa_Island,_Indonesia.jpg&oldid=313610241"