Commons:International copyright quick reference guide

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Public domain table[edit]

This table helps identify whether a work is suitable for upload. Per Commons:Licensing, works can only be uploaded if they are in the public domain in both their source country and the United States. The below table provides conditions under which most works will be in the public domain in both, listed by the country of first publication (both the "author died in" and "published in" conditions must be satisfied simultaneously). Some countries have multiple rows, providing multiple different ways in which works can be in the public domain. Note that there are a number of exceptions to the below, such as concurrent publication in the source country and US and posthumous publication. Use with caution. This is based on and a simplification of en:Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights, and the text of various license templates.

Note: When the author's death year is known, it is preferable to use {{PD-old-auto-1923}} or {{PD-old-auto-1996}} rather than {{PD-old-70-1923}}, {{PD-old-70-1996}}, {{PD-old-50-1923}}, {{PD-old-50-1996}}. etc. The auto tags will update automatically as time passes.

  • Abbreviations:
    • pma: post mortem auctoris, (years) after the death of the author
    • pd: post divulgationem, (years) after publication
    • pr: post realization, (years) after creation
    • PD: (in the) public domain
    • PD-1923: Most works published before 1923 are in the public domain in the US. These are said to be PD-1923 works, based on the template name {{PD-1923}}.
    • URAA: The Uruguay Round Agreement Act. To be in the public domain in the US, a work must generally either be PD-1923, or be in the public domain in its source country on that country's URAA date, which is usually 1 January 1996.
First published in Work type Author died
in or before		 Published
in or before		 License tag Explanation why in the public domain in source country and US
Afghanistan All 1967 — {{PD-Afghanistan}} 50 pma, no US copyright relations
Afghanistan Photo, painting, audiovisual — 1967 {{PD-Afghanistan}} 50 pd for these work types, no US copyright relations
Albania All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Albania, PD-1923 in US
Albania All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Albania, PD on 1996 URAA date
Algeria All 1971 — — Algeria has 25 pma for authors dead before 1972, so all their works expired by the 1998 URAA date.
Algeria Photo — 1986 {{PD-Algeria}} Algeria had 10 pd for photos published before 1987, so they all expired by the 1998 URAA date. (License template has wrong dates.)
Algeria Film — 1971 — Algeria had 25 pd for films published before 1972, so they all expired by the 1998 URAA date.
Andorra All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Andorra, PD-1923 in US
Andorra All 1933 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Andorra, PD on 2004 URAA date
Angola All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Angola, PD-1923 in US
Angola All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Angola, PD on 1996 URAA date
Antigua and Barbuda All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Antigua and Barbuda, PD-1923 in US
Antigua and Barbuda All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Antigua and Barbuda, PD on 1996 URAA date
Antigua and Barbuda Computer program — 1945 (created) {{PD-1996}} 50 pr for computer programs in Antigua and Barbuda, was in PD on 1996 URAA date
Argentina All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Argentina has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Argentina All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Argentina has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
Argentina Photo 1945 1992 {{PD-AR-Photo}}{{PD-1996}} Argentina has 25 pd for photos, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
Argentina Photo — 1922 {{PD-AR-Photo}}{{PD-1923}} Argentina has 25 pd for photos, PD-1923 in US
Argentina Movie 1945 — — Argentina has 50 pma for movies, was PD on 1996 URAA date
Argentina Movie 1967 1922 — Argentina has 50 pma for movies, PD-1923 in US
Argentina Anonymous institutional work 1945 1967 — Argentina has 50 pd for anonymous institutional works, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
Argentina Anonymous institutional work — 1922 — Argentina has 50 pd for anonymous institutional works, PD-1923 in US
Armenia All 1947 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Armenia has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 2000 URAA date
Australia All 1954 1922 {{PD-Australia}}{{PD-1923}} Australia has 50 pma for authors dead before 1955, PD-1923 in US
Australia All 1945 — {{PD-Australia}}{{PD-1996}} Australia has 50 pma for authors dead before 1955, was PD on 1996 URAA date
Australia Photo — 1945 {{PD-Australia}}{{PD-1996}} Australia has 50 pd for photos taken before 1955, was PD on 1996 URAA date
Austria All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Austria, PD-1923 in US
Austria All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Austria, PD on 1996 URAA date
Azerbaijan All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Azerbaijan, PD-1923 in US
Azerbaijan All 1948 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Azerbaijan, PD on 1999 URAA date
Bahrain All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Bahrain, PD-1923 in US
Bahrain All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Bahrain, PD on 1996 URAA date
Barbados All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Barbados, PD-1923 in US
Barbados All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Barbados, PD on 1996 URAA date
Belarus All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Belarus, PD-1923 in US
Belarus All 1946 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Belarus, PD on 1997 URAA date
Belgium All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Belgium, PD-1923 in US
Belgium All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Belgium, PD on 1996 URAA date
Belize All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Belize, PD-1923 in US
Belize All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Belize, PD on 1996 URAA date
Benin All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Benin, PD-1923 in US
Benin All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Benin, PD on 1996 URAA date
Bhutan All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Bhutan, PD-1923 in US
Bhutan All 1953 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Bhutan, PD on 2004 URAA date
Bolivia All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Bolivia, PD-1923 in US
Bolivia All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Bolivia, PD on 1996 URAA date
Bosnia and Herzegovina All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Bosnia and Herzegovina, PD-1923 in US
Bosnia and Herzegovina All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Bosnia and Herzegovina, PD on 1996 URAA date
Brazil All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Brazil has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Brazil All 1935 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Brazil has 70 pma, had 60 pma on 1996 URAA date
Brazil Photo — 1947 and
1935 (created)		 {{PD-Brazil-media}}{{PD-1996}} Brazil has 70 pd for photos, had 60 pr for photos on the 1996 URAA date, was PD then
Brunei All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Brunei, PD-1923 in US
Brunei All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Brunei, PD on 1996 URAA date
Bulgaria All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Bulgaria has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Bulgaria All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Bulgaria has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
Burkina Faso All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Burkina Faso, PD-1923 in US
Burkina Faso All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Burkina Faso, PD on 1996 URAA date
Burundi All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Burundi, PD-1923 in US
Burundi All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Burundi, PD on 1996 URAA date
Cambodia All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Cambodia, PD-1923 in US
Cambodia All 1953 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Cambodia, PD on 2004 URAA date
Cameroon All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Cameroon, PD-1923 in US
Cameroon All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Cameroon, PD on 1996 URAA date
Canada All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Canada, PD-1923 in US
Canada All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Canada, PD on 1996 URAA date
Canada Photo 1967 1945 (created) {{PD-Canada}} Canada has 50 pma, had 50 pr for photos on 1996 URAA date, was PD then.
Cape Verde All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Cape Verde, PD-1923 in US
Cape Verde All 1946 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Cape Verde, PD on 1997 URAA date
Chile All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Chile has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Chile All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Chile has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
China All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in China, PD-1923 in US
China All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in China, PD on 1996 URAA date
China Photo — 1945 (created) {{PD-China}}{{PD-1996}} China has 50 pr for photos, was PD on 1996 URAA date.
Costa Rica All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Costa Rica, PD-1923 in US
Costa Rica All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Costa Rica, PD on 1996 URAA date
Côte d'Ivoire All 1918 — {{PD-Cote d'Ivoire}} 99 pma in Côte d'Ivoire, PD-1923 in US if published before death
Côte d'Ivoire Anonymous, pseudonymous,
posthumous, photo,
audiovisual, applied art		 — 1918 {{PD-Cote d'Ivoire}} 99 pd in Côte d'Ivoire, PD-1923 in US
Croatia All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Croatia, PD-1923 in US
Croatia All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Croatia, PD on 1996 URAA date
Cuba All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Cuba, PD-1923 in US
Cuba All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Cuba, PD on 1996 URAA date
Cyprus All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Cyprus, PD-1923 in US
Cyprus All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Cyprus, PD on 1996 URAA date
Czech Republic All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Czech Republic has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Czech Republic All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Czech Republic has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
Denmark All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Denmark, PD-1923 in US
Denmark All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Denmark, PD on 1996 URAA date
Dominica All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Dominica, PD-1923 in US
Dominica All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Dominica, PD on 1996 URAA date
Dominican Republic All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Dominican Republic, PD-1923 in US
Dominican Republic All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Dominican Republic, PD on 1996 URAA date
Ecuador All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Ecuador, PD-1923 in US
Ecuador All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Ecuador, PD on 1996 URAA date
Egypt All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Egypt, PD-1923 in US
Egypt All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Egypt, PD on 1996 URAA date
El Salvador All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in El Salvador, PD-1923 in US
El Salvador All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in El Salvador, PD on 1996 URAA date
Estonia All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Estonia has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Estonia All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Estonia has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
Fiji All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Fiji, PD-1923 in US
Fiji All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Fiji, PD on 1996 URAA date
Finland All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Finland, PD-1923 in US
Finland All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Finland, PD on 1996 URAA date
France Not musical composition 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} France has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US. (Assuming author did not die for France.)
France Not musical composition 1936 1923 or later {{PD-old-70-1996}} France has 70 pma, had 58 pma + 120 days with wartime extensions on 1996 URAA date for works published after 1920. (Assuming author did not die for France.)
Gambia All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Gambia, PD-1923 in US
Gambia All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Gambia, PD on 1996 URAA date
Georgia All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Georgia, PD-1923 in US
Georgia All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Georgia, PD on 1996 URAA date
Germany All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Germany, PD-1923 in US
Germany All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Germany, PD on 1996 URAA date
Ghana All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Ghana, PD-1923 in US
Ghana All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Ghana, PD on 1996 URAA date
Greece All 1942 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Greece has 50 pma for authors dead before 1943, was PD on 1996 URAA date
Guyana All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Guyana, PD-1923 in US
Guyana All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Guyana, PD on 1996 URAA date
Hong Kong All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Hong Kong, PD-1923 in US
Hong Kong All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Hong Kong, PD on 1996 URAA date
Hong Kong Photo — 1945 (created) — Hong Kong has 50 pr for photos, was PD on 1996 URAA date.
Hungary All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Hungary has 70 pma for all authors, PD-1923 in US
Hungary All 1943 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Hungary has 70 pma, had 50 pma for authors dead before 1944 on 1996 URAA date, was PD then
Iceland All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Iceland has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Iceland All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Iceland has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
India All 1940 — {{PD-old-60-1996}} India has 50 pma for authors dead before 1941, was PD on 1996 URAA date
India Photo — 1940 {{PD-India}}{{PD-1996}} India has 50 pr for photos created before 1941, was PD on 1996 URAA date
Iran All 1980 August 21 — {{PD-Iran}} 30 pma for authors dead before 1980 August 22, no US copyright relations
Iran Photo, film — 1987 {{PD-Iran}} Iran has 30 pd for photographs and films, no US copyright relations
Iraq All 1967 — {{PD-Iraq}} 50 pma, no US copyright relations
Italy All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Italy has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Italy All 1939 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Italy has 70 pma, had ≤56 pma with wartime extensions on 1996 URAA date, was PD then. See note about 1945.(b)
Italy Film 1947 1939 {{PD-old-70-1996}} Italy has 70 pma, had ≤56 pd for films on 1996 URAA date, was PD then. See note about 1945.(b)
Italy Photo 1947 1939 (created) {{PD-old-70-1996}} Italy has 70 pma, had ≤56 pr for photos on 1996 URAA date, was PD then. See note about 1945.(b)
Italy Simple photo(a) — 1975 (created) {{PD-Italy}}{{PD-1996}} Italy has 20 pr for simple photos, was PD on 1996 URAA date
Ireland All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Ireland, PD-1923 in US
Ireland All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Ireland, PD on 1996 URAA date
Jamaica All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Jamaica, PD-1923 in US
Jamaica All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Jamaica, PD on 1996 URAA date
Japan All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Japan, PD-1923 in US
Japan All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Japan, PD on 1996 URAA date
Jordan All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Jordan, PD-1923 in US
Jordan All 1948 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Jordan, PD on 1999 URAA date
Kazakhstan All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Kazakhstan, PD-1923 in US
Kazakhstan All 1948 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Kazakhstan, PD on 1999 URAA date
Kiribati All 1967 — {{PD-Kiribati}} 50 pma, no US copyright relations
Kyrgyzstan All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Kyrgyzstan, PD-1923 in US
Kyrgyzstan All 1947 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Kyrgyzstan, PD on 1998 URAA date
Latvia All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Latvia has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Latvia All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Latvia has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
Lebanon All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Lebanon, PD-1923 in US
Lebanon All 1947 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Lebanon, PD on 1998 URAA date
Lesotho All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Lesotho, PD-1923 in US
Lesotho All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Lesotho, PD on 1996 URAA date
Liechtenstein All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Liechtenstein has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Liechtenstein All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Liechtenstein has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
Lithuania All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Lithuania has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Lithuania All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Lithuania has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
Luxembourg All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Luxembourg has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Luxembourg All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Luxembourg has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
Macedonia All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Macedonia, PD-1923 in US
Macedonia All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Macedonia, PD on 1996 URAA date
Madagascar All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Madagascar, PD-1923 in US
Madagascar All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Madagascar, PD on 1996 URAA date
Malawi All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Malawi, PD-1923 in US
Malawi All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Malawi, PD on 1996 URAA date
Malaysia All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Malaysia, PD-1923 in US
Malaysia All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Malaysia, PD on 1996 URAA date
Mali All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Mali, PD-1923 in US
Mali All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Mali, PD on 1996 URAA date
Malta All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Malta, PD-1923 in US
Malta All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Malta, PD on 1996 URAA date
Mauritius All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Mauritius, PD-1923 in US
Mauritius All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Mauritius, PD on 1996 URAA date
Micronesia All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Micronesia, PD-1923 in US
Micronesia All 1952 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Micronesia, PD on 2003 URAA date
Moldova All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Moldova, PD-1923 in US
Moldova All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Moldova, PD on 1996 URAA date
Mongolia All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Mongolia, PD-1923 in US
Mongolia All 1946 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Mongolia, PD on 1997 URAA date
Montenegro All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Montenegro, PD-1923 in US
Montenegro All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Montenegro, PD on 1996 URAA date
Morocco All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Morocco, PD-1923 in US
Morocco All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Morocco, PD on 1996 URAA date
Mozambique All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Mozambique has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Mozambique All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Mozambique has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
Nepal All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Nepal, PD-1923 in US
Nepal All 1953 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Nepal, PD on 2004 URAA date
Netherlands All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Netherlands, PD-1923 in US
Netherlands All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Netherlands, PD on 1996 URAA date
New Zealand All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in New Zealand, PD-1923 in US
New Zealand All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in New Zealand, PD on 1996 URAA date
Nicaragua All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Nicaragua, PD-1923 in US
Nicaragua All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Nicaragua, PD on 1996 URAA date
Niger All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Niger, PD-1923 in US
Niger All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Niger, PD on 1996 URAA date
Norway All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Norway, PD-1923 in US
Norway All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Norway, PD on 1996 URAA date
Palau All 1967 — {{PD-Palau}} 50 pma, no US copyright relations
Panama All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Panama, PD-1923 in US
Panama All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Panama, PD on 1996 URAA date
Papua New Guinea All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Papua New Guinea, PD-1923 in US
Papua New Guinea All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Papua New Guinea, PD on 1996 URAA date
Paraguay All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Paraguay, PD-1923 in US
Paraguay All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Paraguay, PD on 1996 URAA date
Peru All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Peru, PD-1923 in US
Peru All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Peru, PD on 1996 URAA date
Poland All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Poland has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Poland All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Poland has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
Poland Photo 1994 {{PD-Polish}} Polish photographs published before 1994 are PD in Poland. They were also PD on 1996 URAA date
Portugal All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Portugal has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Portugal All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Portugal has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
Qatar All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Qatar, PD-1923 in US
Qatar All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Qatar, PD on 1996 URAA date
Romania All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Romania has 50 pma for authors dead before 1946, was PD on 1996 URAA date
Russia All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Russia has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Russia All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Russia has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
St. Kitts and Nevis All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in St. Kitts and Nevis, PD-1923 in US
St. Kitts and Nevis All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in St. Kitts and Nevis, PD on 1996 URAA date
St. Lucia All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in St. Lucia, PD-1923 in US
St. Lucia All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in St. Lucia, PD on 1996 URAA date
Saudi Arabia All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Saudi Arabia, PD-1923 in US
Saudi Arabia All 1953 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Saudi Arabia, PD on 2004 URAA date
Serbia All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Serbia, PD-1923 in US
Serbia All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Serbia, PD on 1996 URAA date
Seychelles All 1992 — {{PD-Seychelles}} 25 pma, no US copyright relations
Seychelles Photo, anon, gov't — 1992 {{PD-Seychelles}} 25 pd for photos, no US copyright relations
Singapore All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Singapore, PD-1923 in US
Singapore All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Singapore, PD on 1996 URAA date
Slovakia All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Slovakia, PD-1923 in US
Slovakia All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Slovakia, PD on 1996 URAA date
Slovenia All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Slovenia, PD-1923 in US
Slovenia All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Slovenia, PD on 1996 URAA date
Solomon Islands All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Solomon Islands, PD-1923 in US
Solomon Islands All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Solomon Islands, PD on 1996 URAA date
South Africa All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in South Africa, PD-1923 in US
South Africa All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in South Africa, PD on 1996 URAA date
South Korea All 1962 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in South Korea for authors dead before 1963, PD-1923 in US
South Korea All 1956 — {{PD-South Korea}} 30 pma in South Korea for authors dead before 1957, Copyright for all material expired in 1987 in South Korea. Therefore PD on 1996 URAA date in US
Spain All 1937 1922 {{PD-old-80-1923}} 80 pma in Spain for authors dead before Dec 7, 1987, PD-1923 in US
Swaziland All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Swaziland, PD-1923 in US
Swaziland All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Swaziland, PD on 1996 URAA date
Sweden All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Sweden, PD-1923 in US
Sweden All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Sweden, PD on 1996 URAA date
Sweden Photo below the threshold of originality — 1988 and
1968 (created)		 {{PD-Sweden-photo}}{{PD-1996}} Sweden has 25 pr for photos below the threshold of originality taken before 1969. But copyrighted in US unless published before 1 March 1989.
Switzerland All 1942 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Switzerland has 50 pma for authors dead before 1943, was PD on 1996 URAA date
Syria All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Syria, PD-1923 in US
Syria All 1953 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Syria, PD on 2004 URAA date
Tajikistan All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Tajikistan, PD-1923 in US
Tajikistan All 1949 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Tajikistan, PD on 2000 URAA date
Tanzania All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Tanzania, PD-1923 in US
Tanzania All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Tanzania, PD on 1996 URAA date
Thailand All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Thailand, PD-1923 in US
Thailand All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Thailand, PD on 1996 URAA date
Timor Leste All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Timor Leste, PD-1923 in US
Timor Leste All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Timor Leste, PD on 1996 URAA date
Togo All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Togo, PD-1923 in US
Togo All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Togo, PD on 1996 URAA date
Tonga All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Tonga, PD-1923 in US
Tonga All 1950 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Tonga, PD on 2001 URAA date
Trinidad and Tobago All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Trinidad and Tobago, PD-1923 in US
Trinidad and Tobago All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Trinidad and Tobago, PD on 1996 URAA date
Tunisia All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Tunisia, PD-1923 in US
Tunisia All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Tunisia, PD on 1996 URAA date
Turkey All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Turkey, PD-1923 in US
Turkey All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Turkey, PD on 1996 URAA date
Tuvalu All 1967 — {{PD-Tuvalu}} 50 pma, no US copyright relations
Ukraine All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} Ukraine has 70 pma, PD-1923 in US
Ukraine All 1945 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} Ukraine has 70 pma, had 50 pma on 1996 URAA date
United Kingdom All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in United Kingdom, PD-1923 in US
United Kingdom All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in United Kingdom, PD on 1996 URAA date
Uruguay All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Uruguay, PD-1923 in US
Uruguay All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Uruguay, PD on 1996 URAA date
Uzbekistan All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Uzbekistan, PD-1923 in US
Uzbekistan All 1954 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Uzbekistan, PD on 2005 URAA date
Vanuatu All 1967 — {{PD-Vanuatu}} 50 pma, no US copyright relations
Vatican City All 1947 1922 {{PD-old-70-1923}} 70 pma in Vatican City, PD-1923 in US
Vatican City All 1925 — {{PD-old-70-1996}} 70 pma in Vatican City, PD on 1996 URAA date
Venezuela All 1957 1922 {{PD-old-60-1923}} 60 pma in Venezuela, PD-1923 in US
Venezuela All 1935 — {{PD-old-60-1996}} 60 pma in Venezuela, PD on 1996 URAA date
Venezuela Photo, audiovisual, broadcast,
computer program, anonymous		 — 1935 (created) {{PD-Venezuela}}{{PD-1996}} Venzuela has 60 pd for these work types, was PD on 1996 URAA date.
Zambia All 1967 1922 {{PD-old-50-1923}} 50 pma in Zambia, PD-1923 in US
Zambia All 1945 — {{PD-old-50-1996}} 50 pma in Zambia, PD on 1996 URAA date

Copyrighted table[edit]

This table is the inverse of the first table, and summarizes which works are still under copyright, listed by the nation of first publication. It helps identify when and why an existing work may need to be deleted. Both the "author died in" and "published in" conditions must be satisfied simultaneously. Some countries list multiple rows, providing multiple ways works can be still under copyright. Again, these are broad guidelines and there are some exceptions (e.g. architectural works from before 1987).

First published in Work type Author died
in or after		 Published
in or after		 Copyrighted in Explanation
Afghanistan Not photo, painting, audiovisual 1968 — Afghanistan 50 pma for these work types
Afghanistan Photo, painting, audiovisual — 1968 Afghanistan 50 pd for these work types
Albania All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Albania (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Albania All 1948 — Albania 70 pma
Algeria Not photo/film 1972 — Algeria Algeria has 50 pma for authors dead 1972 or later
Algeria Photo — 1987 US Algeria had 50 pd for photos published 1987 or later on 1998 URAA date
Algeria Film 1972 1972 Algeria No special terms for films 1972 or later, so if author(s) died 1972 or later, 50 pma applies.
Andorra All 1934 1923 US Was in copyright in Andorra (70 pma) on 2004 URAA date
Andorra All 1948 — Andorra 70 pma
Angola All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Angola (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Angola All 1968 — Angola 50 pma
Antigua and Barbuda Not computer 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Antigua and Barbuda (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Antigua and Barbuda Not computer 1968 — Antigua and Barbuda 50 pma
Antigua and Barbuda Computer programs — 1946 (created) US Was in copyright in Antigua and Barbuda (50 pr) on 1996 URAA date
Argentina All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Argentina (50 pma all works) on 1996 URAA date
Argentina Not photo, movie, anonymous institutional work 1948 — Argentina 70 pma for these type of works
Argentina Photo — 1993 Argentina 25 pd for photos
Argentina Movie 1968 — Argentina 50 pma for movies
Argentina Anonymous institutional work — 1968 Argentina 50 pd for anonymous institutional works
Armenia All 1948 — Armenia 70 pma
Australia Not photo 1946 1923 US Australia has ≥50 pma for all authors, was in copyright on 1996 URAA date
Australia Not photo 1955 — Australia 70 pma for authors dead 1955 or later
Australia Photo — 1946 US Australia has ≥50 pd for photos, was copyrighted on 1996 URAA date
Austria All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Austria (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Austria All 1948 — Austria 70 pma
Azerbaijan All 1949 1923 US Was in copyright in Azerbaijan (50 pma) on 1999 URAA date
Azerbaijan All 1968 — Azerbaijan 50 pma
Bahrain All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Bahrain (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Bahrain All 1968 — Bahrain 50 pma
Barbados All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Barbados (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Barbados All 1968 — Barbados 50 pma
Belarus All 1947 1923 US Was in copyright in Belarus (50 pma) on 1997 URAA date
Belarus All 1968 — Belarus 50 pma
Belgium All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Belgium (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Belgium All 1948 — Belgium 70 pma
Belize All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Belize (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Belize All 1968 — Belize 50 pma
Benin All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Benin (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Benin All 1968 — Benin 50 pma
Bhutan All 1954 1923 US Was in copyright in Bhutan (50 pma) on 2004 URAA date
Bhutan All 1968 — Bhutan 50 pma
Bolivia All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Bolivia (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Bolivia All 1968 — Bolivia 50 pma
Bosnia and Herzegovina All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Bosnia and Herzegovina (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Bosnia and Herzegovina All 1948 — Bosnia and Herzegovina 70 pma
Brazil Not photo 1948 — Brazil 70 pma
Brazil Not photo 1936 1923 US Was in copyright in Brazil (60 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Brazil Photo — 1948 Brazil 70 pd for photos
Brazil Photo — 1936 (created) US Was copyrighted in Brazil (60 pr) on 1996 URAA date
Brunei All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Brunei (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Brunei All 1968 — Brunei 50 pma
Bulgaria All 1948 — Bulgaria 70 pma
Burkina Faso All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Burkina Faso (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Burkina Faso All 1948 — Burkina Faso 70 pma
Burundi All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Burundi (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Burundi All 1968 — Burundi 50 pma
Cambodia All 1954 1923 US Was in copyright in Cambodia (50 pma) on 2004 URAA date
Cambodia All 1968 — Cambodia 50 pma
Cameroon All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Cameroon (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Cameroon All 1968 — Cameroon 50 pma
Canada Not photo 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Canada (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Canada All 1968 — Canada 50 pma
Canada Photo — 1946 (created) US Photos created 1946 or later were in copyright in Canada (50 pr) on 1996 URAA date
Cape Verde All 1947 1923 US Was in copyright in Cape Verde (50 pma) on 1997 URAA date
Cape Verde All 1968 — Cape Verde 50 pma
Chile All 1948 — Chile 70 pma
China Not photo 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in China (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
China Not photo 1968 — China 50 pma
China Photo — 1946 (created) US Was in copyright in China (50 pr for photos) on 1996 URAA date
Costa Rica All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Costa Rica (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Costa Rica All 1948 — Costa Rica 70 pma
Côte d'Ivoire All — 1919 Cote d'Ivoire Cote d'Ivoire has ≥99 pd for all works
Côte d'Ivoire Not anonymous, pseudonymous,
posthumous, photo,
audiovisual, applied art		 1919 — Cote d'Ivoire 99 pma
Croatia All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Croatia (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Croatia All 1948 — Croatia 70 pma
Cuba All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Cuba (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Cuba All 1968 — Cuba 50 pma
Cyprus All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Cyprus (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Cyprus All 1968 — Cyprus 50 pma
Czech Republic All 1948 — Czech Republic 70 pma
Denmark All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Denmark (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Denmark All 1948 — Denmark 70 pma
Dominica All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Dominica (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Dominica All 1948 — Dominica 70 pma
Dominican Republic All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Dominican Republic (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Dominican Republic All 1968 — Dominican Republic 50 pma
Ecuador All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Ecuador (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Ecuador All 1948 — Ecuador 70 pma
Egypt All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Egypt (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Egypt All 1968 — Egypt 50 pma
El Salvador All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in El Salvador (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
El Salvador All 1968 — El Salvador 50 pma
Estonia All 1948 — Estonia 70 pma
Fiji All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Fiji (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Fiji All 1968 — Fiji 50 pma
Finland All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Finland (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Finland All 1948 — Finland 70 pma
France All 1937 1923 US 1937-1947: France had ≥58 pma + 120 days for works published before 1948, not PD on 1996 URAA date. 1948 or later: ≥50 pma, not PD on URAA date.
France All 1948 — France ≥70 pma
Gambia All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Gambia (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Gambia All 1968 — Gambia 50 pma
Georgia All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Georgia (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Georgia All 1948 — Georgia 70 pma
Germany All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Germany (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Germany All 1948 — Germany 70 pma
Ghana All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Ghana (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Ghana All 1948 — Ghana 70 pma
Greece All 1943 1923 US Greece has 70 pma for all authors dead 1943 or later, was in copyright on 1996 URAA date
Greece All 1948 — Greece 70 pma for authors dead 1943 or later
Guyana All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Guyana (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Guyana All 1968 — Guyana 50 pma
Hong Kong Not photo 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Hong Kong (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Hong Kong Not photo 1968 — Hong Kong 50 pma
Hong Kong Photo — 1946 (created) US Was in copyright in Hong Kong (50 pr for photos) on 1996 URAA date
Hungary All 1944 1923 US Hungary has 70 pma for all authors dead 1944 or later, was in copyright on 1996 URAA date
Hungary All 1948 — Hungary 70 pma
Iceland All 1948 — Iceland 70 pma
India Not photo 1941 1923 US India has 60 pma for all authors dead 1941 or later, was in copyright on 1996 URAA date
India Not photo 1958 — India 60 pma for authors dead 1941 or later
India Photo — 1941 US Was in copyright in India (60 pd for photos created 1941 or later) on 1996 URAA date
Iran Not photo/film 1980 August 22 — Iran 50 pma for authors dead 1980 August 22 or later
Iran Photos, films — 1988 Iran Iran has 30 pd for photographs and films
Iraq All 1968 — Iraq 50 pma
Italy Not film/photo 1940 1923 US Italy had ≥56 pma for all works of this type published before 1945 Aug 15, not PD on 1996 URAA date. 1946 and later: ≥50 pma, not PD on URAA date. See note about 1945.(b)
Italy Not simple photo(a) 1948 — Italy 70 pma
Italy Film — 1940 US Was in copyright in Italy on 1996 URAA date (56 pd if 1940-1945, 50 pd if 1946 or later). See note about 1945.(b)
Italy Photo — 1940 (created) US Was in copyright in Italy on 1996 URAA date (56 pr if 1940-1945, 50 pr if 1946 or later). See note about 1945.(b)
Italy Simple photo(a) — 1976 (created) US Published 1976 to 1995: Was in copyright in Italy (20 pr) on 1996 URAA date. Published 1996 or later: 70 pma in US. Note that some simple photos may fall below the threshold of originality in the US.
Ireland All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Ireland (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Ireland All 1948 — Ireland 70 pma
Jamaica All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Jamaica (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Jamaica All 1968 — Jamaica 50 pma
Japan All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Japan (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Japan All 1968 — Japan 50 pma
Jordan All 1949 1923 US Was in copyright in Jordan (50 pma) on 1999 URAA date
Jordan All 1968 — Jordan 50 pma
Kazakhstan All 1949 1923 US Was in copyright in Kazakhstan (50 pma) on 1999 URAA date
Kazakhstan All 1968 — Kazakhstan 50 pma
Kiribati All 1968 — Kiribati 50 pma
Kyrgyzstan All 1948 1923 US Was in copyright in Kyrgyzstan (50 pma) on 1998 URAA date
Kyrgyzstan All 1968 — Kyrgyzstan 50 pma
Latvia All 1948 — Latvia 70 pma
Lebanon All 1948 1923 US Was in copyright in Lebanon (50 pma) on 1998 URAA date
Lebanon All 1968 — Lebanon 50 pma
Lesotho All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Lesotho (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Lesotho All 1968 — Lesotho 50 pma
Liechtenstein All 1948 — Liechtenstein 70 pma
Lithuania All 1948 — Lithuania 70 pma
Luxembourg All 1948 — Luxembourg 70 pma
Macedonia All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Macedonia (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Macedonia All 1948 — Macedonia 70 pma
Madagascar All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Madagascar (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Madagascar All 1948 — Madagascar 70 pma
Malawi All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Malawi (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Malawi All 1968 — Malawi 50 pma
Malaysia All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Malaysia (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Malaysia All 1968 — Malaysia 50 pma
Mali All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Mali (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Mali All 1968 — Mali 50 pma
Malta All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Malta (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Malta All 1948 — Malta 70 pma
Mauritius All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Mauritius (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Mauritius All 1968 — Mauritius 50 pma
Micronesia All 1953 1923 US Was in copyright in Micronesia (50 pma) on 2003 URAA date
Micronesia All 1968 — Micronesia 50 pma
Moldova All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Moldova (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Moldova All 1968 — Moldova 50 pma
Mongolia All 1947 1923 US Was in copyright in Mongolia (50 pma) on 1997 URAA date
Mongolia All 1968 — Mongolia 50 pma
Montenegro All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Montenegro (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Montenegro All 1948 — Montenegro 70 pma
Morocco All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Morocco (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Morocco All 1968 — Morocco 50 pma
Mozambique All 1948 — Mozambique 70 pma
Nepal All 1954 1923 US Was in copyright in Nepal (50 pma) on 2004 URAA date
Nepal All 1968 — Nepal 50 pma
New Zealand All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in New Zealand (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
New Zealand All 1968 — New Zealand 50 pma
Netherlands All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Netherlands (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Netherlands All 1948 — Netherlands 70 pma
Nicaragua All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Nicaragua (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Nicaragua All 1948 — Nicaragua 70 pma
Niger All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Niger (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Niger All 1968 — Niger 50 pma
Norway All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Norway (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Norway All 1948 — Norway 70 pma
Palau All 1968 — Palau 50 pma
Panama All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Panama (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Panama All 1968 — Panama 50 pma
Papua New Guinea All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Papua New Guinea (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Papua New Guinea All 1968 — Papua New Guinea 50 pma
Paraguay All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Paraguay (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Paraguay All 1948 — Paraguay 70 pma
Peru All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Peru (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Peru All 1948 — Peru 70 pma
Poland All 1948 — Poland 70 pma
Portugal All 1948 — Portugal 70 pma
Qatar All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Qatar (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Qatar All 1968 — Qatar 50 pma
Romania All 1946 1923 US Romania has ≥50 pma for all authors, was in copyright on 1996 URAA date
Romania All 1948 — Romania 70 pma for authors dead 1946 or later
Russia All 1948 — Russia 70 pma
St. Kitts and Nevis All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in St. Kitts and Nevis (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
St. Kitts and Nevis All 1968 — St. Kitts and Nevis 50 pma
St. Lucia All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in St. Lucia (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
St. Lucia All 1968 — St. Lucia 50 pma
Saudi Arabia All 1954 1923 US Was in copyright in Saudi Arabia (50 pma) on 2004 URAA date
Saudi Arabia All 1968 — Saudi Arabia 50 pma
Serbia All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Serbia (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Serbia All 1948 — Serbia 70 pma
Seychelles Not photo, gov't 1993 — Seychelles 25 pma
Seychelles Photo, anon, gov't — 1993 Seychelles 25 pd for photos
Singapore All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Singapore (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Singapore All 1948 — Singapore 70 pma
Slovakia All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Slovakia (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Slovakia All 1948 — Slovakia 70 pma
Slovenia All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Slovenia (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Slovenia All 1948 — Slovenia 70 pma
Solomon Islands All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Solomon Islands (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Solomon Islands All 1968 — Solomon Islands 50 pma
South Africa All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in South Africa (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
South Africa All 1968 — South Africa 50 pma
Spain All 1916 1923 US Was in copyright in Spain (80 pma for artists dead before Dec 7, 1987 / 70 pma after) on 1996 URAA date
Spain All 1938 — Spain 80 pma for artists dead before Dec 7, 1987, 70 pma afterwards
Swaziland All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Swaziland (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Swaziland All 1968 — Swaziland 50 pma
Sweden All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Sweden (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Sweden All 1948 — Sweden 70 pma
Switzerland All 1943 1923 US Switzerland has 70 pma for all authors dead 1943 or later, was in copyright on 1996 URAA date
Switzerland All 1948 — Switzerland 70 pma for authors dead 1943 or later
Syria All 1954 1923 US Was in copyright in Syria (50 pma) on 2004 URAA date
Syria All 1968 — Syria 50 pma
Tajikistan All 1950 1923 US Was in copyright in Tajikistan (50 pma) on 2000 URAA date
Tajikistan All 1968 — Tajikistan 50 pma
Tanzania All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Tanzania (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Tanzania All 1968 — Tanzania 50 pma
Thailand All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Thailand (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Thailand All 1968 — Thailand 50 pma
Timor Leste All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Timor Leste (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Timor Leste All 1968 — Timor Leste 50 pma
Togo All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Togo (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Togo All 1968 — Togo 50 pma
Tonga All 1951 1923 US Was in copyright in Tonga (50 pma) on 2001 URAA date
Tonga All 1968 — Tonga 50 pma
Trinidad and Tobago All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Trinidad and Tobago (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Trinidad and Tobago All 1968 — Trinidad and Tobago 50 pma
Tunisia All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Tunisia (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Tunisia All 1968 — Tunisia 50 pma
Turkey All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Turkey (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Turkey All 1948 — Turkey 70 pma
Tuvalu All 1968 — Tuvalu 50 pma
Ukraine All 1948 — Ukraine 70 pma
United Kingdom All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in United Kingdom (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
United Kingdom All 1948 — United Kingdom 70 pma
Uruguay All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Uruguay (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Uruguay All 1968 — Uruguay 50 pma
Uzbekistan All 1955 1923 US Was in copyright in Uzbekistan (50 pma) on 2005 URAA date
Uzbekistan All 1968 — Uzbekistan 50 pma
Vanuatu All 1968 — Vanuatu 50 pma
Vatican City All 1926 1923 US Was in copyright in Vatican City (70 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Vatican City All 1948 — Vatican City 70 pma
Venezuela Not photo, audiovisual, broadcast,
computer program, anonymous		 1936 1923 US Was in copyright in Venezuela (60 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Venezuela Not photo, audiovisual, broadcast,
computer program, anonymous		 1958 — Venezuela 60 pma
Venezuela Photo, audiovisual, broadcast,
computer program, anonymous		 — 1936 (created) US Was in copyright in Venzuela (60 pd for these work types) on 1996 URAA date
Zambia All 1946 1923 US Was in copyright in Zambia (50 pma) on 1996 URAA date
Zambia All 1968 — Zambia 50 pma

Footnotes[edit]

  • ^(a) A "simple photograph" must not have artistic merit or reflections of photographer creativity or personality. Some simple photos are not copyrightable in the US (see Commons:Threshold of originality#United_States).
  • ^(b) If a film is published or photo taken in Italy between 16 August 1945 and 31 December 1945, or an author published a work and then died during that period, these works are PD in the US, and will become PD in Italy 70 years after the death of the author(s). (Explanation: Italy wartime extensions applied only to works published before 16 August 1945. The above-listed works all expired precisely on Italy's URAA date, and so do not have a US copyright. Italy retroactively extended copyright on all works except simple photos to 70 pma.)

See also[edit]

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