File:MilankovitchCyclesOrbitandCores.png

English: Orbital Parameters for the Earth:

http://aom.giss.nasa.gov/srorbpar.html

Insolation calculation is generated from the orbital parameters

Vostok ice core data:

• Petit, J.R., et al., 2001,

Vostok Ice Core Data for 420,000 Years, IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2001-076. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/vostok/deutnat.txt Temperature reconstruction is offered within the dataset.

Benthic foram data:

• Lisiecki, L. E., and M. E. Raymo (2005), A Pliocene-

Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic d18O records, Paleoceanography,20, PA1003, doi:10.1029/2004PA001071. http://lorraine-lisiecki.com/stack.html

A definitive temperature reconstruction is not offered within the data set. But from: http://lorraine-lisiecki.com/thesis_appendix.html#2-Appendix-B-The-d18O-of-Foraminifera is the statement:

"A large portion change in d18Oc records is thought to result of the sequestration of isotopically light oxygen (16O) in large continental ice sheets, resulting in ocean water that has a larger proportion of 18O."

Thus reduction of oxygen 18 (which is upward on the graph) indicates warmer conditions and higher sealevel.